南方周末 2005-06-16
■旧闻记者
□钱钢
辩题：中国如何才能统一？被称为"自由民主的舌战"的这场辩论会，曾轰动60年前的纽约。西四十三街的会场来了1500名听众，收听现场直播的电台听众估计有500万到1000万人之众。对垒的甲方是美国人熟悉的畅销书作家林语堂博士和众议员尤德神父，支持国民党；乙方是美国记者史沫特莱女士（Smedly，Agnes）和福尔曼先生（Harrison Forman），支持中国共产党。
美国人应该支持谁？是支持名正言顺代表中国、但却因腐败专制遭人诟病的国民党，还是支持形象清廉、但与中央政府"分庭抗礼"的中共？主持人在辩论正式开始前就问现场听众"你们有多少人同情国民党政府？"听众即刻分为对立的两个阵营，有人鼓掌举手，有人站起来说："希望中国政府以后不要说空话。"
四位辩者都熟悉中国。史沫特莱和福尔曼都曾深入"红区"采访；尤德在中国传教十年之久；林语堂1945年刚出版了介绍中国抗战的新书《枕戈待旦》（The Vigil of a Nation）。
这本书坦言支持国民党，所以成为辩论的焦点。"林博士，我真替你害羞！"福尔曼拿着书引述说，林先生要美国支持国民党三个坦克师去对付共产党。
林语堂以微笑应对福尔曼的愤怒，但上台发言时却变得面无表情。他说必须找出中国内部纷争的原因。他说共产党没有把国家意识放在党的意识之上。共产党赞成选举，但他们的选举只是党内选举；中共喜欢吃得饱甚于言论自由，而我们既要吃得饱也要言论自由……
许多听众鼓掌。但另一群人欢迎史沫特莱发言反驳。
"你们听过中国共产党跑到美国来享福吗？"史沫特莱尖锐发问，"你们见过有一个共产党在美国购置产业吗？"听众鼓掌。
尤德神父发言时语句急促，还有大幅度肢体语言。他说美国只有帮助中国政府，才能使中国统一。他以最近到中国的观察，表明不赞成中共。
他没有想到，史沫特莱带来了不知从哪里翻出的尤德1938年发自中国的一封信，信中对中国共产党多有褒扬。尤德承认，抗战初期他的确同情中国共产党，但越到后来越失望。他对史沫特莱带来此信表示谢意―――"这证明我毫无偏见"。
我查到的报道，辩论各方观点的记录较简略，但会场情景的描摹却绘声绘色。辩论开始前，四个辩者都在修改讲稿，林语堂叼着烟斗，字斟句酌；史沫特莱念念有词；福尔曼走来走去，边背诵，边点头，还不时上厕所。辩论开始前的一刻，四人紧张得像比赛前的马。
熟悉文学史的人都知道林语堂和史沫特莱等左翼人士从亲近到疏远的往事，这两个"道不同不相为谋"的人在纽约"对决"，是文坛要事，然而史书失载。倒是林语堂在自传中提及史沫特莱谣传他领了国民党2万美金写《枕戈待旦》，他在纽约的集会上质问过史，还批评福尔曼并不了解中国。
福尔曼在当时也是很有名的人物，他和美国记者白修德（Theodore White）到河南调查揭丑，让蒋介石下不了台。不过《国民公报》画的插图，和林语堂针锋相对的清瘦外国男人不像福尔曼。福尔曼是个重100磅的壮汉，在"红区"采访，把提供给他的"座骑"驴子都压垮了。 [End]
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We may own, take position and sell any securities mentioned at any time. Any
statements that express or involve discussions with respect to predictions,
goals, expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, object'ives, assumptions or
future events or perfo'rmance are not
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