朝鲜开始神化新领导人金正恩

朝鲜开始神化新领导人金正恩 2011年 12月 23日 09:52 Associated Press 平壤居民在已故朝鲜领导人金正日的画像前排起长队。金正日的父亲、朝鲜建国者金日成的画像过去一直挂在这里。 金 己男(Kim Ki-nam)的工作在朝鲜是最难做的。 曾做过教授的82岁的金己男是朝鲜劳动党中央宣传鼓动部(Propaganda and Agitation Department)部长，这个部门的任务就是让朝鲜人的意识里充满对独裁的金氏王朝的敬畏、热爱和坚定不移的尊重。 他现在的任务是：迅速地把该国年轻的新领导人金正恩(Kim Jong Eun)在朝鲜人（包括精英阶层）心目中的地位提升到神一般的高度，让他的接班合法化，并巩固他的统治。 Agence France-Presse/Getty Images 2009年8月在韩国首尔，金己男率朝鲜代表团与韩国总统会面。 金己男领导的宣传鼓动部从2009年就开始着手实施这个项目，当时，金正日刚刚把自己的第三子金正恩选为自己的继任者。金己男与执政的金氏家族并无亲缘关系。 宣传鼓动部早期的一些成果包括地天马行空地编造金正日具有某些超人的能力。在朝鲜之外，这种宣传受到了广泛的嘲讽。 朝鲜新领导人金正恩在2009年5月的一份报道中被描述为一个杰出的将军，射击百发百中。 据说金正恩的祖父、朝鲜的开国领袖金日成(Kim Il Sung)曾用一个松果制造了一枚手雷，并炸翻了一辆美国坦克。 宣传部门对外宣称，金正日(Kim Jong Il)出生的时候天空电闪雷鸣，还出现了彩虹。 本周三，朝鲜中央通讯社(Korean Central News Agency)报道说，该国发现了很多自然奇景，比如说在举国哀悼他们已故的领导人的时候，天空突然变成红色，巨大的暴风雪也突然停止。 在朝鲜，构建神话是一种非常严肃的职责。分析人士说，这被视为对朝鲜政权有着至关重大的意义，以此确保朝鲜人对金氏家族的个人崇拜不受损害，确保金氏家族的统治不受到挑战。 根据韩国政府网站的资料，金己男从1992年起就一直主管宣传。从1964年开始在各官方媒体担任编辑，直到1977年加入劳动党。本篇报道并未对金己男进行采访。 据在首尔的朝鲜"脱北者"Jun Myung-ho说，朝鲜学生从小学到大学都要学习革命史，这门课程充满了将金氏王朝神秘化以及美化的种种传说。2004年逃到韩国之前Jun Myung-ho在朝鲜执政党劳动党任职了九年。 Jun说，当局不得不一直这样做，无论人们相信与否，因为他们需要确立金氏家族的正统性。他还记得老师严厉斥责这门课程成绩很差的学生。 Reuters 金正恩（前排左一）、前朝鲜领导人金正日（前排右一）和一个中国军事代表团的合影，摄于2010年10月。 位于首尔附近的智库韩国世宗研究院(Sejong Institute)资深成员郑相昌(Cheong Seong-chang)认为，为金正恩构建神话的过程一直在顺利进行。但金正日的突然去世加剧了将金正恩塑造为合法继承人的故事的需求。 平壤方面公布金正日去世的消息后，塑造金正恩的举措几乎是马上就紧锣密鼓地开始了，而且自那以来在国有媒体上一直十分高调。 朝鲜国有通讯社在金正日死后的首批报道中说，没有什么力量能阻止我们的党、军队和人民在金正恩同志领导下取得革命的进步。 朝鲜主要报纸《劳动新闻》(Rodong Shinmun)在周四一篇社论中说金正恩是"我们的党、军队和人民的杰出领袖，伟大的继承人"。 称颂金正恩的赞歌已有不少，比如这首："嚓、嚓、嚓（脚步声）/我们金大将的脚步弘扬推进2月精神/嚓、嚓、嚓/每一次充满力量地踏步，所有民众都跟随他的步伐/嚓、嚓、嚓。" 金己男和他手下的人能否将金正恩塑造为朝鲜人民的合法领导人，至少达到掌控权力所需要的程度，还远非确定无疑的事。金正恩的年轻令这项任务难度更大。据信他只有28岁，而朝鲜文化却是依据年龄论资排辈。 另一位朝鲜"脱北者"Kim Man-soo说，1994年金日成(Kim Il Sung)去世后金正日掌权以来，政府宣传的影响力大大减弱了。 Kim Man-soo说，我在朝鲜工作到金日成去世。金正日未能赢得民心，因为经济状况不断恶化。人们不再相信那一套了。他2006年逃离朝鲜前在一家医院工作。 这正是金己男面临的挑战。如果金氏王朝的神话受到任何重大削弱，都会加剧重要元老，尤其是军方元老挑战"伟大继承人"的风险。 JAEYEON WOO / ALASTAIR GALE Pyongyang Turns to Task of Glorifying New Leader 2011年 12月 23日 09:52 Kim Ki Nam has one of the toughest jobs in North Korea. The 82-year-old former professor heads the department in North Korea's ruling party responsible for filling North Koreans' minds with awe, devotion and unswerving respect for the dictatorial Kim dynasty. His task now: rapidly elevate the country's youthful new leader Kim Jong Eun to the status of quasi-deity in the minds of the North Koreans, including the elite, to legitimize the succession and solidify Mr. Kim's rule. The Propaganda and Agitation department led by Mr. Kim, who is no relation to the ruling patriarchy, has been working on the project since 2009, when Kim Jong Il selected his third son as his successor. Some of the department's early handiwork includes the outrageous claims of ability often associated with Kim Jong Il and widely ridiculed outside the country. North Korea's new leader is described in one report from May 2009 as 'an excellent general who displays the extraordinary talent of hitting the center of the target no matter how many times he fires.' The current leader's grandfather and founder of North Korea, Kim Il Sung, was said to have made a hand grenade from a pine cone to blow up an American tank. Then, when Kim Jong Il was born, propagandists reported that the sky was filled with lightning and thunder, as well as a rainbow. As recently as Wednesday, Korea Central News Agency reported many natural wonders observed around the country, such as the sky turning red and a huge snowstorm suddenly stopping, as the people mourned their dead leader. Myth building in North Korea is a serious business. Analysts say it is seen as critical for the regime, to ensure that the personality cult of the Kim family remains intact and its rule unchallenged. Mr. Kim, who has been head of the propaganda department since 1992, had worked at various state media as an editor from 1964 until he joined the ruling party in 1977, according to the South Korean government website. He wasn't interviewed for this article. North Korean students are taught Revolutionary History from elementary school to university, a subject full of tales that mystify and beautify the Kim dynasty, according to Jun Myung-ho, a defector based in Seoul, who worked in North Korea's ruling Workers' Party for nine years before escaping to the South in 2004. 'The regime has to keep doing it, regardless of whether people believe it or not, because they need to establish the legitimacy of the family,' said Mr. Jun. He recalls that teachers harshly scolded students with low grades in the subject. According to Cheong Seong-chang, a senior fellow at think tank Sejong Institute near Seoul, the myth-building process for Kim Jong Eun has been progressing smoothly. But the sudden death of Kim Jong Il has accelerated the need for accounts of the younger Mr. Kim as the rightful heir. That effort got rolling almost immediately after Pyongyang revealed the demise of the elder Mr. Kim, and has been going strong since then in the state-controlled media. 'No force on earth can check the revolutionary advance of our party, army and people under the wise leadership of Kim Jong Eun,' said North Korea's state news agency in one of its first reports following Kim Jong Il's death. In an editorial Thursday, North Korea's main newspaper Rodong Sinmun referred to Kim Jong Eun as 'the outstanding leader of our party, military and people and a great successor.'' Already, songs sing his praise, such as this one: 'Cheok, cheok, cheok [marching sound]./ Our general Kim's step is sending the spirits of February high and moving forward./ Cheok, cheok, cheok./ When [he] steps vigorously, all the people follow./ Cheok, cheok, cheok.' It is by no means certain that Kim Ki Nam and his staff can pull off the promotion of Kim Jong Eun as the rightful leader of the North Korean people, at least to the degree required to maintain power. Making the task harder is Kim Jong Eun's youth. He is thought to be 28 years old, in a culture that recognizes seniority based on age. Kim Man-soo, another North Korean defector, says the impact of state propaganda has weakened significantly since Kim Jong Il took the reins of power in 1994 after his father, Kim Il Sung, died. 'It worked only until Kim Il Sung died. Kim Jong Il failed to win the hearts and minds of people as economic conditions got worse and worse. People don't believe it anymore,' said Mr. Kim, who worked at a hospital before he left North Korea in 2006. For Kim Ki Nam, that is the challenge. Any significant erosion of the mythology increases the risk that key senior figures, particularly in the military, might challenge the 'great successor.' JAEYEON WOO / ALASTAIR GALE 评论内容 2011.12.23 17:37:43 中间那个中国军人是谁啊 - qqq 2011.12.23 16:59:44 所谓共产主义战士的真实嘴脸。 - shuy139 2011.12.23 16:59:28 吾皇万岁万万岁！！！ - 哈哈 2011.12.23 16:47:39 另外如果美国的宗教极端分子（就是共和党的多数啦）坚持上帝真的可以做那一系列神话一样的不可思议的事情，那么比起来摩西巴掌分海水，金日成猎枪打美国飞机其实也不算什么荒谬。 - cuijianbuo1976 ==================================================================== 基督教塑造神灵劝人向善，金氏神话自己愚弄百姓，这就是本质的区分。 - 红豆拆迁办 2011.12.23 15:57:43 另外如果美国的宗教极端分子（就是共和党的多数啦）坚持上帝真的可以做那一系列神话一样的不可思议的事情，那么比起来摩西巴掌分海水，金日成猎枪打美国飞机其实也不算什么荒谬。 - cuijianbuo1976 2011.12.23 15:18:52 从民族性来讲，单一民族国家也比较喜欢独裁或家族统治，我想这应该是因为国家规模小，经不起折腾有关。 - ywp9151 2011.12.23 15:07:54 美日不出兵，我们不出兵；美日若出兵，我们要维和。韩国要出兵，咱不动，俄罗斯上。 - 打酱油 2011.12.23 15:05:40 不洗脑，早崩溃了。没有人愿意当奴隶。 - 洗脑 2011.12.23 15:03:02 独裁政权一般喜欢造神运动。 - HUYUANZHU 2011.12.23 14:49:09 爹亲娘亲不如。。。。天大地大不如。。。。 - 一样的心情一样的爱 2011.12.23 14:17:52 军方元老挑战"伟大继承人"的风险 - zxc 2011.12.23 14:14:17 这种宣传类似于创造宗教信仰，人并非完全理性个体，它可能在某些方面满足了部分心理需求。 - livonaprayer 2011.12.23 14:10:41 封建王朝果然强大 - che_zhang 2011.12.23 14:06:30 都什么年代了，还兴这一套？ - HUJINTAOKKK 2011.12.23 14:03:19 金正恩要当人不能当神！ - pengshi 2011.12.23 13:45:29 弄出另一个达赖喇嘛而已。 - sdq 2011.12.23 13:35:38 虽然看起来很好笑，但是我一点也不想笑！ - AA+ 2011.12.23 13:31:03 内地新闻早就有了，说他，2岁会开枪，3岁会开车。呵呵，朝鲜也就是学咋们的 - sohostars 2011.12.23 13:19:53 自身利益可以让你对正义熟视无睹么？ - darren198275 2011.12.23 13:08:27 贫穷不是社会主义，发展经济才是硬道理。 过于强调精神文明，是虚伪的政治宣传。 - stt477 2011.12.23 12:35:57 "嚓、嚓、嚓（脚步声）/我们金大将的脚步弘扬推进2月精神/嚓、嚓、嚓/每一次充满力量地踏步，所有民众都跟随他的步伐/嚓、嚓、嚓。" 听到这首歌我笑了。 支持伟大的领袖金正恩! - 嚓、嚓、嚓 2011.12.23 11:57:52 听者罢也 - aa 2011.12.23 11:48:46 中 国人民支持金正恩，朝鲜公民住房，医疗、教育免费。这一点连西方美帝国主义都做不到，谁又能说朝鲜人民不幸福，幸福不仅仅是物质层面的东西，朝鲜人民的生 活是安逸的，人民是团结的，他们那里没有环境污染、社会污染、心灵污染，朝鲜国虽小，但是个独立自主的国家，不是强国的附庸，活得有尊严。日本、韩国虽 富，却只能做美国的附庸。金正恩会成为一个比他爷爷，比他爸爸更加伟大的领袖的 - tanggc2009 2011.12.23 11:36:59 "人们不信那一套了"哈哈 - neie110 2011.12.23 11:33:31 谎言讲一万遍就会成为真理！这句话真的不假。 - ypecgym 2011.12.23 11:33:00 悲哀的国度，有时候想想其实觉得我们还是蛮幸福的，努力工作吧 - maoradona 2011.12.23 11:26:00 美国可以出兵帮助韩国推翻金正恩政权。 其实如果出现这种情况时，中国会很难做出选择。 如果中国选择参战，中国在全世界面前将会很孤立。 如果中国选择不参战，朝鲜一定会被韩国统一，出现一个亲美的朝鲜半岛会对中国现有的政治体系造成严重冲击，甚至国家分裂。 - hong 2011.12.23 11:24:46 一 般人都会明白，一个优秀的领导人是在为国家、为人民服务的过程中，不断地贡献自己、不断地学习和总结经验及教训中磨炼自己来得到人民和历史的认可。不可否 认，在上述过程中，适量的"宣传"是需要的。但是宣传过度了，一定会起反作用。如本文引用的歌曲："："嚓、嚓、嚓（脚步声）/我们金大将的脚步弘扬推进 2月精神/嚓、嚓、嚓/每一次充满力量地踏步，所有民众都跟随他的步伐/嚓、嚓、嚓。"还有的报道更甚，说"金正恩3岁会打枪，8岁会 车。"这些神化活动，结果都是有害的。别的不说，就说8岁开车来说－－是违反交通规则的啊！ - suharmony 2011.12.23 10:59:02 能说话不？ - njssjun110 2011.12.23 10:49:49 所谓王权天授，大多数王朝都会想尽办法搞这东西的 - cloudyblue99