澳洲的中國難題
DAMIEN CAVE
澳洲雪梨——在雪梨一間掛著金色窗簾的會議室裡,中國總領事向出席一個閉門會議的大約100人發出呼籲,這些人都是澳洲的華裔居民和公民。
他呼籲與會者在即將到來的中國總理李克強訪問期間幫助塑造公眾輿論,其中一個做法是向領事館報告持批評觀點的人。他建議,應該協調一下支持中國的集會,還應該用展開的大型橫幅來遮掩反對北京的抗議場面。
「我們不是軍隊,但這項任務有點軍隊的性質,」據《紐約時報》獲得的這次領事館會議的記錄,顧小傑總領事說。這些話也得到了一名與會者的證實。「這是一場有很多場戰鬥的戰爭,」顧小傑補充道。
這個此前未見諸報導的會議是於2017年3月間舉行的,它是中國政府如何直接——而且往往是祕密地——參與澳洲政治活動的一個例子。澳洲正在成為中國測驗自己在一個民主貿易夥伴的內部,在引導辯論和影響政策方面能走多遠的實驗室。
這是澳洲未曾面臨過的一場精心策劃的運動——利用它的開放、不斷增長的華裔人口以及與中國的經濟聯繫,而且中國的做法在澳洲還引發了一場該如何應對的辯論,辯論令人不安。
許多國家都面臨著來自中國的同樣挑戰,這個威權主義國家正在國內外推行自己的議程。
在亞洲,中國被指控向受其青睞的馬來西亞和斯里蘭卡的總統候選人提供資金。在美國,有人擔心北京試圖壓制大學校園裡的異見。在歐洲,與執政的共產黨有聯繫的中國公司和組織為政治領導人舉辦活動,並向大學捐贈了數百萬美元。
中國曾試圖將馬克思主義革命傳播到世界各地,但它現在的目標更不易覺察——為旨在提升地緣政治地位、維持其在國內權力壟斷地位的貿易和外交政策議程贏得支持。
中國的做法在澳洲尤為明顯,它與中國的貿易推動了全球持續時間最長的經濟繁榮。澳洲情報機構已對北京的努力發出了警告,對澳洲保守派總理史考特·莫里森(Scott Morrison)來說,這個問題很可能會引發爭議。莫里森在上週六在大選中意外獲勝。
中國政府的代表經常秘而不宣、暗地裡遊說澳洲政界人士,還往往以經濟懲罰為威脅,並說服澳洲工商界和學術界領袖轉交他們的信息。
中國政府及其支持者通過對記者和出版商提起誹謗訴訟,為研究機構提供資金,以及用廣告商來向中文媒體施壓等做法,企圖在澳洲新聞媒體上壓制批評意見,提升自己的觀點。
北京甚至通過這些管道以及中共負責僑務工作的統戰部,還有一些人認為是通過代理人給競選捐款的做法,來幫助澳洲的政治候選人。
在公眾輿論出現分歧的時候,一直對自己的外交政策計劃含糊其辭的莫里森所領導的澳洲新政府,現在必須對下一步該做什麼做出決定:許多澳洲人害怕中國,但同時也希望與中國保持良好關係,以保持經濟增長和區域穩定。
「中國在這裡有很多需要澄清的事情,」塔斯馬尼亞大學(University of Tasmania)研究中國問題的學者韓馬克(Mark Harrison)說。
他說,中國共產黨本質上是在試圖把它與中國人民所做的交易強行實施於澳洲:保證繁榮,以換取服從與審查。
把經濟當作武器
中國與澳洲的經濟聯繫可以追溯到19世紀,當時的淘金熱把中國移民吸引到了澳洲。如今,中國是澳洲經濟增長的引擎,也是澳洲最大的貿易夥伴,與中國的貿易佔澳大利亞進出口總額的24%。
這種依賴關係帶來了一個潛在的威脅:中國可以把錢拿到別的地方去。
澳洲的現任和前任官員說,問題在於中國政府很少披露自己的遊說活動。與中國有聯繫的澳洲企業經常在不受公眾監督的情況下對政界人士施壓,安全機構因此發出了北京在操縱政治的警告。
「沒有任何一個國家的工商界和安全部門之間有如此深刻的分歧,」總部位於雪梨的非營利政策組織中國事務(China Matters)的創始主任琳達·雅各布森(Linda Jakobson)說。
批評人士稱,中國利用了這種分歧,甚至試圖利用其經濟影響力對澳洲通過新間諜法的做法進行懲罰,新法律要求那些為「外國當事人」工作的人登記他們的活動。
中國政府否認存在懲罰澳洲的做法,澳洲政界人士也不把這些爭端當回事。但這並不是北京第一次模糊商業和政治之間的界限。
2009年,澳洲政府拒絕了一家中國國有企業收購英澳礦業巨頭力拓公司(Rio Tinto)18%股份的投標,之前,澳洲官員私下裡認為,這筆交易將賦予中國太多的定價權。
北京的回應是在兩國關係中日已司空見慣的一個早期版本:通過中國的商業夥伴向澳洲政府施壓。
中國官員和投資者「向澳洲的有關高管施加了壓力」,時任澳洲總理的陸克文(Kevin Rudd)在接受採訪時回憶說。「那個階段的全部想法就是讓商業遊說團體最大化地向政府施壓。」
壓制異見
2018年5月,在以牛肉生產為主的農業小鎮洛克漢普頓的一個慶祝該市多元化的活動中,兩個孩子在一座公牛塑像上畫了小小的台灣國旗。塑像上畫了很多國家的國旗,但當地政府用油漆覆蓋了台灣國旗,以免冒犯北京。北京認為這個自治的島嶼是中國的一部分。
「他們要的是對中國的利益先發制人地做出讓步,」澳洲外交貿易部前部長彼得·瓦爾蓋塞(Peter Varghese)說。
分析人士說,北京一方面試圖在澳洲壓制削弱中國優先事務(比如在外交上孤立台灣)的言論,另一方面也試圖在澳洲推動中國的議程。
批評人士說,一個突出的例子是澳中關係研究所(Australia-China Relations Institute)。這家位於雪梨的研究機構直到最近一直由前外交部長鮑伯·卡爾(Bob Carr)領導。卡爾直言不諱地維護中國的立場。這個研究所是由中國房地產開發商黃向默捐錢成立的,黃向默曾向澳洲的主要政黨慷慨解囊。
澳洲最近拒絕了他的入籍申請,並撤銷了他的居留資格,儘管他否認曾為共產黨做事。
中國在影響澳洲的新聞報導方面,尤其是中文媒體的報導上也很成功。
雪梨和墨爾本報紙《看中國》(Vision China Times)的母公司總經理馬瑪雷(Maree Ma,音)說,因為該報的批評報導,中國官員曾經在2015年2016年成功向企業施壓,要求他們撤下廣告。
在週六的選舉之前,在微信——在澳洲也很受歡迎的中國社群媒體平台——上,隸屬於中共的帳戶嘲笑保守黨政府,詆毀澳洲的「腦袋被袋鼠踢的不輕」。
英文媒體也不能倖免於這種壓力。2017年,澳洲最大的獨立出版商之一推遲出版一本研究中國對澳洲機構施加影響的書。
由於澳洲法律在誹謗訴訟中偏向原告,一些人表示,此類案件——包括今年2月向華裔地產大亨、政治捐贈人周澤榮支付的巨額賠償金——對可能激怒北京或其盟友的報導和公開抗議會有寒蟬效應。
在2017年中國領事館的那次會議上,組織者展示了澳洲的親中活動人士毆打法輪功靈修運動抗議者的照片。法輪功在中國被禁。
觀眾爆發出掌聲。
競選公職
中國的戰略重點是一個特殊群體:澳洲不斷增長的華裔人口,這是一個超過100萬人口的多元化群體,其中約一半是來自中國大陸的移民。
有時,中國政府對待澳洲中國移民的方式,就像他們仍然受其統治一樣。批評北京的人士經常面臨壓力。今年1月,澳洲作家、前中國官員楊恆均在訪問中國期間因涉嫌間諜罪被捕。
更多時候,北京會試圖吸引像唐詠北這樣的人。
23年前,唐詠北跟隨從事電氣工程師工作的丈夫搬到了澳洲,定居在塔斯馬尼亞州首府霍巴特,她在那裡開始編輯一份名為《塔州華人報》(Chinese News Tasmania)的報紙。去年,她競選市議會議員。
「社區裡所有人都認識我,」當被問及原因時,她說。「我是個媒體人。有影響力。」
唐詠北還出力在本地開設了澳洲中國和平統一促進會(Australian Council for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification of China)的分會,該組織宣揚北京方面的立場,即台灣是中國的一部分。該組織由黃向默創建,就是那位居留資格遭撤銷的政治捐贈者,澳洲的情報官員稱,這個組織參與了中國在海外施加影響力的行動。
這種聯繫以及其他一些因素,使身為澳洲公民的唐詠北在競選期間引發激烈辯論,她的競選以失敗告終。幾名當地的僑領發表了一封公開信,譴責她「隱瞞了在許多組織的頭銜,包括她與中國政府的聯繫」。
當地綠黨(Greens Party)領袖卡西·奧康納(Cassy O\'Connor)指責她在參與北京方面的行動,要在塔斯馬尼亞旅遊業和房地產投資中形成絕對優勢。她說:「中國政府實際上選擇了像塔斯馬尼亞這樣經濟規模較小的州下手。」
唐詠北否認與中共有任何聯繫。她說:「我唯一做錯的事就是舉起了手,希望為霍巴特市議會增添不同的聲音。」
分析人士稱,唐詠北實際上揭示的是,中共有能力在世界各地招募支持者,其中許多人之所以被吸引到北京的軌道上,並非因為意識型態,而是因為潛在的財富和影響力。即使在失敗後,她在中國的國家電視台也獲得了正面的報導。
對許多人來說,澳洲政治已成為一個越來越有價值的選擇——它是從中國的實力和繁榮中獲益的許多潛在途徑之一。
「我們不再是東亞病夫,」一名商界領袖在2017年的領事館會議上說。「我們中國人昂首挺胸。」
Damien Cave是時報澳洲雪梨分社社長。他曾自墨西哥城、哈瓦那、貝魯特和巴格達報導新聞。自2004年加入時報以來,他擔任過美國新聞副主編、邁阿密分社長和本地新聞記者。
翻譯:紐約時報中文網
SYDNEY, Australia — In a gold-curtained meeting room in Sydney, the Chinese consul general appealed to a closed-door gathering of about 100 people, all of them Australian residents and citizens of Chinese ancestry.
澳洲雪梨——在雪梨一間掛著金色窗簾的會議室裡,中國總領事向出席一個閉門會議的大約100人發出呼籲,這些人都是澳洲的華裔居民和公民。
He called on the group to help shape public opinion during a coming visit of China's prime minister, Li Keqiang, in part by reporting critics to the consulate. Rallies in support of China should be coordinated, he suggested, and large banners should be unfurled to block images of protests against Beijing.
他呼籲與會者在即將到來的中國總理李克強訪問期間幫助塑造公眾輿論,其中一個做法是向領事館報告持批評觀點的人。他建議,應該協調一下支持中國的集會,還應該用展開的大型橫幅來遮掩反對北京的抗議場面。
"We are not troops, but this task is a bit like the nature of troops," said the diplomat, Gu Xiaojie, according to a recording of the session in the consulate obtained by The New York Times and verified by a person who was in the room. "This is a war," he added, "with lots of battles."
「我們不是軍隊,但這項任務有點軍隊的性質,」據《紐約時報》獲得的這次領事館會議的記錄,顧小傑總領事說。這些話也得到了一名與會者的證實。「這是一場有很多場戰鬥的戰爭,」顧小傑補充道。
The previously unreported meeting in March 2017 is an example of how the Chinese government directly — and often secretly — engages in political activity in Australia, making the nation a laboratory for testing how far it can go to steer debate and influence policy inside a democratic trade partner.
這個此前未見諸報導的會議是於2017年3月間舉行的,它是中國政府如何直接——而且往往是祕密地——參與澳洲政治活動的一個例子。澳洲正在成為中國測驗自己在一個民主貿易夥伴的內部,在引導辯論和影響政策方面能走多遠的實驗室。
It is a calculated campaign unlike any other Australia has faced — taking advantage of the nation's openness, growing ethnic Chinese population and economic ties to China — and it has provoked an uncomfortable debate about how Australia should respond.
這是澳洲未曾面臨過的一場精心策劃的運動——利用它的開放、不斷增長的華裔人口以及與中國的經濟聯繫,而且中國的做法在澳洲還引發了一場該如何應對的辯論,辯論令人不安。
Many countries face the same challenge from China, an authoritarian power pushing its agenda inside and beyond its borders.
許多國家都面臨著來自中國的同樣挑戰,這個威權主義國家正在國內外推行自己的議程。
In Asia, China has been accused of funneling funds to the campaigns of preferred presidential candidates in Malaysia and Sri Lanka. In the United States, there is concern about Beijing's efforts to stifle dissent on college campuses. And in Europe, Chinese companies and organizations tied to the ruling Communist Party have held events for political leaders and donated millions of dollars to universities.
在亞洲,中國被指控向受其青睞的馬來西亞和斯里蘭卡的總統候選人提供資金。在美國,有人擔心北京試圖壓制大學校園裡的異見。在歐洲,與執政的共產黨有聯繫的中國公司和組織為政治領導人舉辦活動,並向大學捐贈了數百萬美元。
China once sought to spread Marxist revolution around the world, but its goal now is more subtle — winning support for a trade and foreign policy agenda intended to boost its geopolitical standing and maintain its monopoly on power at home.
中國曾試圖將馬克思主義革命傳播到世界各地,但它現在的目標更不易覺察——為旨在提升地緣政治地位、維持其在國內權力壟斷地位的貿易和外交政策議程贏得支持。
The contours of its playbook are especially visible in Australia, where trade with China has fueled the world's longest economic boom. Australian intelligence agencies have warned of Beijing's efforts, and the issue is likely to be contentious for Australia's conservative prime minister, Scott Morrison, who won a surprise victory in elections Saturday.
中國的做法在澳洲尤為明顯,它與中國的貿易推動了全球持續時間最長的經濟繁榮。澳洲情報機構已對北京的努力發出了警告,對澳洲保守派總理史考特·莫里森(Scott Morrison)來說,這個問題很可能會引發爭議。莫里森在上週六在大選中意外獲勝。
Representatives of the Chinese government routinely lobby Australian politicians behind closed doors without disclosing their activities, often by threatening economic punishment and persuading Australian business and academic leaders to deliver their message.
中國政府的代表經常秘而不宣、暗地裡遊說澳洲政界人士,還往往以經濟懲罰為威脅,並說服澳洲工商界和學術界領袖轉交他們的信息。
The Chinese government and its supporters have also sought to suppress criticism and elevate its views in the Australian news media, by suing journalists and publishers for defamation, financing research institutes and using advertisers to put pressure on Chinese-language outlets.
中國政府及其支持者通過對記者和出版商提起誹謗訴訟,為研究機構提供資金,以及用廣告商來向中文媒體施壓等做法,企圖在澳洲新聞媒體上壓制批評意見,提升自己的觀點。
Beijing has even promoted political candidates in Australia with these outlets as well as via the United Front Work Department, the party's arm for dealing with overseas Chinese, and — according to some assessments — with campaign contributions made by proxies.
北京甚至通過這些管道以及中共負責僑務工作的統戰部,還有一些人認為是通過代理人給競選捐款的做法,來幫助澳洲的政治候選人。
Last year, after a scandal involving donors with ties to Beijing forced a senator to resign, Parliament approved an overhaul of espionage lawsmaking it illegal to influence Australian politics for a foreign government.
Australia's new government — led by Mr. Morrison, who has been vague about his plans for foreign policy — must now decide what to do next at a time when the public is divided: Many Australians fear China but also favor good relations to maintain economic growth and regional stability.
在公眾輿論出現分歧的時候,一直對自己的外交政策計劃含糊其辭的莫里森所領導的澳洲新政府,現在必須對下一步該做什麼做出決定:許多澳洲人害怕中國,但同時也希望與中國保持良好關係,以保持經濟增長和區域穩定。
"There is a lot to unravel with the China story here," said Mark Harrison, a China scholar at the University of Tasmania.
「中國在這裡有很多需要澄清的事情,」塔斯馬尼亞大學(University of Tasmania)研究中國問題的學者韓馬克(Mark Harrison)說。
The Communist Party, he said, is essentially trying to enforce the same bargain with Australia that it has with the Chinese people: a promise of prosperity in exchange for obedience and censorship.
他說,中國共產黨本質上是在試圖把它與中國人民所做的交易強行實施於澳洲:保證繁榮,以換取服從與審查。
Weaponized Economics
把經濟當作武器
China's economic bonds with Australia can be traced to the 19th century, when a gold rush drew Chinese immigrants to the continent. Now, China is an engine of economic growth for the country and its largest trading partner by far, accounting for 24 percent of Australian imports and exports.
中國與澳洲的經濟聯繫可以追溯到19世紀,當時的淘金熱把中國移民吸引到了澳洲。如今,中國是澳洲經濟增長的引擎,也是澳洲最大的貿易夥伴,與中國的貿易佔澳大利亞進出口總額的24%。
With that reliance comes an implied threat: China can take its money elsewhere.
這種依賴關係帶來了一個潛在的威脅:中國可以把錢拿到別的地方去。
The problem, current and former Australian officials say, is the Chinese government rarely discloses its lobbying activities. Australian businesses linked to China often lean on politicians without public scrutiny, leading security agencies to warn about Beijing manipulating politics.
澳洲的現任和前任官員說,問題在於中國政府很少披露自己的遊說活動。與中國有聯繫的澳洲企業經常在不受公眾監督的情況下對政界人士施壓,安全機構因此發出了北京在操縱政治的警告。
"In no country is there such a profound rift between business community and security," said Linda Jakobson, founding director of China Matters, a nonprofit policy group based in Sydney.
「沒有任何一個國家的工商界和安全部門之間有如此深刻的分歧,」總部位於雪梨的非營利政策組織中國事務(China Matters)的創始主任琳達·雅各布森(Linda Jakobson)說。
Critics say China has exploited that rift — and even tried to use its economic leverage to punish Australia for adopting the new law requiring those working on behalf of a "foreign principal" to register their activities.
批評人士稱,中國利用了這種分歧,甚至試圖利用其經濟影響力對澳洲通過新間諜法的做法進行懲罰,新法律要求那些為「外國當事人」工作的人登記他們的活動。
In June, Australian winemakers said they were facing problems with their exports to China, and a major deal to expand chilled beef exports into China — negotiated during Mr. Li's visit — stalled. In January and February, China also delayed coal imports from Australia at some ports.
Beijing denied any effort to punish Australia, and Australian politicians have brushed off these disputes. But it hardly the first time Beijing blurred the lines between business and politics.
中國政府否認存在懲罰澳洲的做法,澳洲政界人士也不把這些爭端當回事。但這並不是北京第一次模糊商業和政治之間的界限。
In 2009, the Australian government rejected a bid by a Chinese state-owned firm to purchase 18 percent of Rio Tinto, the Anglo-Australian mining giant, after officials argued privately that the sale would give China too much power to set prices.
2009年,澳洲政府拒絕了一家中國國有企業收購英澳礦業巨頭力拓公司(Rio Tinto)18%股份的投標,之前,澳洲官員私下裡認為,這筆交易將賦予中國太多的定價權。
Beijing's response was an early version of what has since become common in the relationship: a campaign to pressure the Australian government via China's business partners.
北京的回應是在兩國關係中日已司空見慣的一個早期版本:通過中國的商業夥伴向澳洲政府施壓。
Chinese officials and investors "put the weights on the relevant Australian executives," Kevin Rudd, the prime minister at the time, recalled in an interview. "The whole idea at that stage was to maximize business lobby pressure on the government."
中國官員和投資者「向澳洲的有關高管施加了壓力」,時任澳洲總理的陸克文(Kevin Rudd)在接受採訪時回憶說。「那個階段的全部想法就是讓商業遊說團體最大化地向政府施壓。」
Silencing Dissent
壓制異見
In May 2018, two children in Rockhampton, a rural capital of beef production, painted tiny Taiwanese flags on a statue of a bull during an event celebrating the town's diversity. There were flags from many countries, but the local government painted over those from Taiwanto avoid offending Beijing, which says the self-governing island is part of China.
2018年5月,在以牛肉生產為主的農業小鎮洛克漢普頓的一個慶祝該市多元化的活動中,兩個孩子在一座公牛塑像上畫了小小的台灣國旗。塑像上畫了很多國家的國旗,但當地政府用油漆覆蓋了台灣國旗,以免冒犯北京。北京認為這個自治的島嶼是中國的一部分。
"What they want are pre-emptive concessions to Chinese interests," said Peter Varghese, a former head of Australia's Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
「他們要的是對中國的利益先發制人地做出讓步,」澳洲外交貿易部前部長彼得·瓦爾蓋塞(Peter Varghese)說。
Analysts say Beijing tries both to suppress speech in Australia that undercuts its priorities — such as the diplomatic isolation of Taiwan — and to promote its own agenda.
分析人士說,北京一方面試圖在澳洲壓制削弱中國優先事務(比如在外交上孤立台灣)的言論,另一方面也試圖在澳洲推動中國的議程。
Critics say one prominent example is the Australia-China Relations Institute, a research organization in Sydney led until recently by Bob Carr, a former foreign minister and outspoken defender of China's positions. The institute was established with a gift from Huang Xiangmo, a Chinese real-estate developer who had donated generously to both of Australia's main political parties.
批評人士說,一個突出的例子是澳中關係研究所(Australia-China Relations Institute)。這家位於雪梨的研究機構直到最近一直由前外交部長鮑伯·卡爾(Bob Carr)領導。卡爾直言不諱地維護中國的立場。這個研究所是由中國房地產開發商黃向默捐錢成立的,黃向默曾向澳洲的主要政黨慷慨解囊。
Australia recently rejected his citizenship application and revoked his residency, despite his denials of having acted on behalf of the Communist Party.
澳洲最近拒絕了他的入籍申請,並撤銷了他的居留資格,儘管他否認曾為共產黨做事。
China has also had success shaping news coverage in Australia, especially in Chinese-language outlets.
中國在影響澳洲的新聞報導方面,尤其是中文媒體的報導上也很成功。
Maree Ma, general manager of the company that owns Vision China Times, a newspaper in Sydney and Melbourne, said Chinese officials successfully pressured businesses in 2015 and 2016 to pull their ads because of its critical coverage.
雪梨和墨爾本報紙《看中國》(Vision China Times)的母公司總經理馬瑪雷(Maree Ma,音)說,因為該報的批評報導,中國官員曾經在2015年2016年成功向企業施壓,要求他們撤下廣告。
And before Saturday's election, on WeChat — the Chinese social media platform, which is also popular in Australia — accounts affiliated with the Chinese Communist Party mocked the conservative government, disparaging Australia as "a country whose head has been kicked hard by kangaroos."
在週六的選舉之前,在微信——在澳洲也很受歡迎的中國社群媒體平台——上,隸屬於中共的帳戶嘲笑保守黨政府,詆毀澳洲的「腦袋被袋鼠踢的不輕」。
English-language outlets are not immune to the pressure. In 2017, one of Australia's largest independent publishers delayed publication of a book examining Chinese influence in Australian institutions.
英文媒體也不能倖免於這種壓力。2017年,澳洲最大的獨立出版商之一推遲出版一本研究中國對澳洲機構施加影響的書。
Because Australian law favors plaintiffs in defamation suits, some say such cases — including a large payout in February to Chau Chak Wing, a Chinese-born property tycoon and political donor — have had a chilling effect on reporting and public protesting that might anger Beijing or its allies.
由於澳洲法律在誹謗訴訟中偏向原告,一些人表示,此類案件——包括今年2月向華裔地產大亨、政治捐贈人周澤榮支付的巨額賠償金——對可能激怒北京或其盟友的報導和公開抗議會有寒蟬效應。
At the Chinese consulate in 2017, organizers showed photos of pro-China activists in Australia roughing up protesters from the Falun Gong spiritual movement, which is banned in China.
在2017年中國領事館的那次會議上,組織者展示了澳洲的親中活動人士毆打法輪功靈修運動抗議者的照片。法輪功在中國被禁。
The audience applauded.
觀眾爆發出掌聲。
Running for Office
競選公職
China's playbook prioritizes one particular group: Australia's growing ethnic Chinese population, a diverse group of more than one million people, about half of whom are immigrants from mainland China.
中國的戰略重點是一個特殊群體:澳洲不斷增長的華裔人口,這是一個超過100萬人口的多元化群體,其中約一半是來自中國大陸的移民。
At times, the Chinese government treats Australian citizens of Chinese ancestry as if they're still subject to its rule. Critics of Beijing are often pressured. In January, Yang Hengjun, an Australian writer and former Chinese official, was arrested on dubious charges of espionage while visiting China.
有時,中國政府對待澳洲中國移民的方式,就像他們仍然受其統治一樣。批評北京的人士經常面臨壓力。今年1月,澳洲作家、前中國官員楊恆均在訪問中國期間因涉嫌間諜罪被捕。
More often, Beijing tries to woo people like Yongbei Tang.
更多時候,北京會試圖吸引像唐詠北這樣的人。
Ms. Tang moved to Australia 23 years ago with her husband, an electrical engineer, settling in Hobart, the capital of Tasmania, where she started editing a newspaper called Chinese News Tasmania. Last year, she ran for the City Council.
23年前,唐詠北跟隨從事電氣工程師工作的丈夫搬到了澳洲,定居在塔斯馬尼亞州首府霍巴特,她在那裡開始編輯一份名為《塔州華人報》(Chinese News Tasmania)的報紙。去年,她競選市議會議員。
"All the people in the community know me," she said, when asked why. "I'm a media person. Influential."
「社區裡所有人都認識我,」當被問及原因時,她說。「我是個媒體人。有影響力。」
Ms. Tang had also helped start a local chapter of the Australian Council for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification of China, which promulgates Beijing's position that Taiwan is part of China. The group was established by Mr. Huang, the donor whose residency was revoked, and Australian intelligence officials say it is an arm of the party's overseas influence efforts.
唐詠北還出力在本地開設了澳洲中國和平統一促進會(Australian Council for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification of China)的分會,該組織宣揚北京方面的立場,即台灣是中國的一部分。該組織由黃向默創建,就是那位居留資格遭撤銷的政治捐贈者,澳洲的情報官員稱,這個組織參與了中國在海外施加影響力的行動。
That connection and others made Ms. Tang, an Australian citizen, a subject of intense debate during the campaign, which she lost. Several local Chinese leaders published an open letter condemning her "hiding of titles of many organizations including her association with the Chinese Government."
這種聯繫以及其他一些因素,使身為澳洲公民的唐詠北在競選期間引發激烈辯論,她的競選以失敗告終。幾名當地的僑領發表了一封公開信,譴責她「隱瞞了在許多組織的頭銜,包括她與中國政府的聯繫」。
Cassy O'Connor, the leader of the local Greens Party, accused her of being part of an attempt by Beijing to dominate the Tasmanian tourism and property investment. "The Chinese government actually picks off smaller states like Tasmania, with smaller economies," she said.
當地綠黨(Greens Party)領袖卡西·奧康納(Cassy O\'Connor)指責她在參與北京方面的行動,要在塔斯馬尼亞旅遊業和房地產投資中形成絕對優勢。她說:「中國政府實際上選擇了像塔斯馬尼亞這樣經濟規模較小的州下手。」
Ms. Tang denied any ties to the party. "The only wrongdoing I did was to put my hand up, wishing to add a different voice to the Hobart City Council," she said.
唐詠北否認與中共有任何聯繫。她說:「我唯一做錯的事就是舉起了手,希望為霍巴特市議會增添不同的聲音。」
What Ms. Tang actually reveals, analysts say, is the party's ability to recruit sympathizers around the world, many of whom gravitate to Beijing's orbit less because of ideology than the potential for wealth and influence. Even after her loss, she received favorable coverage on state television in China.
分析人士稱,唐詠北實際上揭示的是,中共有能力在世界各地招募支持者,其中許多人之所以被吸引到北京的軌道上,並非因為意識型態,而是因為潛在的財富和影響力。即使在失敗後,她在中國的國家電視台也獲得了正面的報導。
For many, Australian politics has become an increasingly valuable option — one of many ways to potentially benefit from Chinese power and prosperity.
對許多人來說,澳洲政治已成為一個越來越有價值的選擇——它是從中國的實力和繁榮中獲益的許多潛在途徑之一。
"We are no longer the sick man of East Asia," said one business leader at the consulate meeting in 2017. "We Chinese stand tall."
「我們不再是東亞病夫,」一名商界領袖在2017年的領事館會議上說。「我們中國人昂首挺胸。」
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